Palatine Barony
A few baronies in the SCA are referred to as palatine.
Those known to your servant are:
The Palatine Barony of the Western Seas (Caid; Hawaii), The Palatine Barony of the Far West (West; the Pacific Rim, including Japan, South Korea, Guam, Thailand), and The Palatine Barony of Allyshia (West; Humboldt County, California).
As any other SCA barony, they may contain cantons, strongholds, ports, and/or colleges.
The underlying idea behind a palatine barony is that it is to allow branches that are far removed from the main populations of their kingdoms to have a cycle wherein their populace can compete for the privilege of ruling lands. In this case, baronial succession is determined by tournament, and in at least two of the above-mentioned examples, this tournament takes place twice each year, alternating between a heavy fighting tourney and an arts & sciences tourney.
The victor of the tourney and his or her inspiration become the new Coronet.